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15.07.2004 Preklady
Hadanka
Caves hold clue to the riddle of the three hares
Hadanka o trech zajicich vylustena v jeskynich?
A research team led by a British archaeologist is to
travel to China in search of the origins and meaning of a mysterious ancient symbol identified in sacred sites across Britain, Europe, and the Middle and Far East.
Vedecky tym pod vedenim britskeho archeologa se vypravi do Ciny, aby vypatral puvod a vyznam tajuplneho starodavneho symbolu, ktery byl zjisten na posvatnych mistech po cele Britanii, v Evrope i na Strednim a Dalnem Vychode.
Striking depictions of three hares joined at the ears have been found in roof bosses of medieval parish churches in Devon, 13th century Mongol metal work from Iran and cave temples from the Chinese Sui dynasty of 589- 618.
Na zavernych kamenech stredovekych farnich kostelu v hrabstvi Devon i na mongolskem kovovem predmetu ze 13. stoleti nalezenem v Iranu i v cinskych jeskynnich chramech z dynastie Sui (589-618) se totiz vyskytuji napadna zobrazeni tri zajicu spojenych usima.
Academics are intrigued at the motif's apparent prominence in Christian, Islamic and Buddhist holy contexts separated by 5,000 miles and almost 1,000 years.
Vedce zarazila skutecnost, ze se motiv napadne vyskytuje v krestanskem, islamskem i buddhistickem posvatnem kontextu oddelenem 8 000 kilometry a bezmala tisiciletim.
The symbol shows the hares chasing each other in a circle. Each of the ears in the image is shared between two animals so that there are only three ears shown.
Na obrazku se zajici honi v kruhu, pricemz kazde ucho patri dvema zviratum, takze se vlastne ukazuji jenom tri usi.
Four researchers will travel from Britain to Dunhuang in China next month to examine paintings in 16 caves and meet experts in an attempt to shed light on the mystery.
Ctryri britsti badatele pristi mesic odcestuji do cinskeho Dunhuangu, aby prozkoumali malby v sestnacti jeskynich a setkali se s odborniky ve snaze osvetlit tuto hadanku.
Dr Tom Greeves, a landscape archaeologist, has suggested the motif was brought to the West along the Silk Road. Dr Greeves, from Tavistock, Devon, said: "It is a very beautiful and stirring image which has an intrinsic power which is quite lovely.
Krajinny archeolog dr Tom Greeves z mesta Tavistock v hrabstvi Devon soudi, ze motiv putoval na Zapad hedvabnou stezkou a dodava: "Je to krasny a vzrusujici obrazek s velkou vnitrni silou."
"We can deduce from the motif's use in holy places in different religions and cultures, and the prominence it was given, that the symbol had a special significance.
Z toho, jak se motiv pouzival na posvatnych mistech v ruznych nabozenskych a kulturnich oblastech i z jeho postaveni muzeme usoudit, ze v nem spocival zvlastni vyznam.
"Until recently there has been little awareness of its wide distribution. We are uncovering new examples all the time.
"Az do nedavna byl jeho siroky vyskyt malo znamy, ale ted objevujeme stale nove priklady.
"If we can open a window on something that in the past had relevance and meaning to people separated by thousands of miles and hundreds of years, it could benefit our present day understanding of the things we share with different cultures and religions."
"Muzeme-li tim osvetlit neco, co v minulosti melo zavaznost a smysl pro rozmanite lidi oddelene staletimi a tisici kilometry, mohlo by to prispet i k nasemu soucasnemu pochopeni toho, co sdilime s jinymi kulturami a nabozenstvimi."
The symbol's meaning remains obscure but the hare has long had divine and mystical associations in the East and the West. Legends often give the animal magical qualities. It has also been associated in stories with fertility, feminity and the lunar cycle.
Vyznam symbolu zustava nejasny, ale na Zapade i na Vychode ma zajic uz dlouho bozske a mysticke asociace. Legendy mu casto pripisuji kouzelne vlastnosti. V pohadkach byva uvaden ve spojitosti s plodnosti, zenskosti a mesicnim cyklem.
In Britain the motif is most common in Devon where 17 parish churches contain roof bosses depicting the hares.
V Britanii se motiv nejvic vyskytuje v hrabstvi Devon, kde sedmnact farnich kostelu ma zaverne kameny s obrazky zajicu.
On Dartmoor, it is known locally as "The Tinners' Rabbits", but there are no known associations with tin mining.
V bazine Dartmoor je mistne znamy jako "cinovacovi kralici" i kdyz nejsou zadne zname asociace s tezbou cinu.
There are examples elsewhere in Britain in a chapel in Cotehele, Cornwall, in medieval stained glass in the Holy Trinity church in Long Melford, Suffolk, in a plaster ceiling in Scarborough, North Yorks, and on floor tiles from Chester Cathedral and in the parish church in Long Crendon, Bucks.
Dalsi britske priklady se nachezeji v kosteliku v Coteheli ve vevodstvi Cornwall, ve stredovekem barevnem skle v kapli Nejsvetejsi Trojice v meste Long Melford v hrabstvi Suffolk, na stukovem strope v Scarboroughu, na severu hrabstvi Yorkshire, na dlazdicich v chesterske Katedrale a ve farnim kosteli v meste Long Crendonu v hrabstvi Buckinghamshire.
The first known literary reference is from A Survey of the Cathedral of St Davids published in 1717 by Browne Willis. It says: "In one key stone near the west end are three rabbits plac'd triangularly, with the backsides of their heads turn'd inwards, and so contriv'd that the three ears supply the place of six so that every head seems to have its full quota of ears. This is constantly shewn to strangers as a curiosity worth regarding."
Prvni znamy literarni odkaz je z knihy Prohlidka Katedraly Svateho Davida od Brownea Willise vydane v roce 1717, v niz se pise: " Na jednom zavernem klenaku blizko zapadni casti jsou tri kralici v trojuhelnikovem usporadani, se zadnimi castmi hlav otocenymi dovnitr tak, aby tri usi zastavaly ulohu sesti a kazda hlava zdanlive mela plny pocet usi. Pravidelne se to ukazuje navstevnikum jako pozoruhodna kuriozita."
The three hares are depicted in churches, chapels and cathedrals in France and Germany. The symbol has been found in Iran on a copper coin minted in 1281 and on a brass tray, both from the time of the Mongol Empire.
Tri zajici se take zobrazuji v kostelich, kaplickach a katedralach ve Francii i v Nemecku. Symbol byl take nalezen v Iranu na medene minci razene v roce 1281 i na mosaznem podnosu, oba predmety z doby Mongolske rise.
The earliest known examples of the three hares are in representations of textile canopies painted on the ceilings of Buddhist cave temples in Dunhuang, an important staging post on the Silk Road.
Nejstarsi zname priklady tri zajicu se vyskytuji na zobrazenich latkovych baldachynu namalovanych na stropech buddhistickych jeskynnich chramu v Dunhuangu, vyznamne zastavce na hedvabne stezce.
Sue Andrew, an art historian who is part of the group going to China, said: "We don't know how for sure the symbol travelled to the West but the most likely explanation is they were on the valuable oriental silks brought to Western medieval churches to wrap holy relics, as altar cloths and in vestments."
Historicka umeni Sue Andrewova, ktera take pojede se skupinou do Ciny, dodala: "Nevime zajiste, jakym zpusobem symbol prijel na Zapad, ale nejpravdepodobnejsi vysvetleni je to, ze se objevil na cennem vychodnim hedvabi privezenem do zapadnich stredovekych kostelu jako baleni relikvii, oltarni pokryvky a v rouchach."
Chris Chapman, a documentary photographer, and David Singmaster, a retired professor of mathematics, will also be part of the research team. The group is seeking funding to continue their work.
Dokumentarni fotograf Chris Chapman a vyslouzily profesor matematiky David Singmaster budou take ve vedeckem tymu, ktery ted hleda financovani, aby pokracoval v sve praci.
Komentáře
Hares
Susan Kitten Mail 16.07.2004, 21:22:21
I´ll ask Sayadaw Sujiva about this image in Buddhism. It may have an interesting meaning. In Buddhism there are a lot of such objects that create image of something (e.g. a cirle, if it is something else).
Hares
>I´ll ask Sayadaw Sujiva about this image in Buddhism. It may have an interesting meaning. In Buddhism there are a lot of such objects that create image of something (e.g. a cirle, if it is something else).
Yes, I'd be interested to hear his opinion. I see that the hare is not unknown in Buddhist tales:
... The hare offers himself to Buddha as sustenance, which pleases Buddha. In this
version, Buddha places the hare on the moon for eternal safekeeping. ...
www.beal-net.com/chandra/hare.html
and the association between the hare and the moon seems to be pretty universal - can you see a hare or a rabbit in the markings of the moon?
Hares
>I´ll ask Sayadaw Sujiva about this image in Buddhism. It may have an interesting meaning. In Buddhism there are a lot of such objects that create image of something (e.g. a cirle, if it is something else).
Yes, I'd be interested to hear his opinion. I see that the hare is not unknown in Buddhist tales:
... The hare offers himself to Buddha as sustenance, which pleases Buddha. In this
version, Buddha places the hare on the moon for eternal safekeeping. ...
www.beal-net.com/chandra/hare.html
and the association between the hare and the moon seems to be pretty universal - can you see a hare or a rabbit in the markings of the moon?
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